fa بهینه سازی نیترات زدایی زیستی با بهره‌گیری از نانوساختارهای گرافنی پایه آلومینیوم و کلسیم در بیوراکتور فیزیولوژی Physiology مقاله پژوهشی Research Article <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:16.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سابقه و هدف:</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> معضل آلودگی منابع آب یک موضوع اساسی وتأثیرگذار برای زندگی سالم انسان&shy;ها و موجودات زنده می&shy;باشد</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> هدف از این پژوهش بهینه&shy;سازی نانوساختارهای&shy;گرافنی&shy;پایه&shy;آلومینیوم وکلسیم توسط روش سطح پاسخ (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">RSM</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) به&shy;منظور بررسی نقش آن&shy;ها در نیترات&shy;زدایی زیستی <i>&shy;</i>می&shy;باشد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:16.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مواد و روش&shy;ها</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:16.0pt">:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شرایط بهینه حذف در بیوراکتور بررسی گردید. مشخصه&shy;یابی نانوساختارهای گرافن&shy;اکسید/آلومینیوم (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/Al</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) و گرافن اکسید /کلسیم (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">Ca</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) توسط </span></span>&nbsp;<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">XRD</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">SEM</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">FTIR</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> تعیین&shy;گردید. دو پارامتر عملیاتی موثر دما (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">C</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&deg;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) و غلظت (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">g/L</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) نانوساختارهای </span></span>&nbsp;<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">Al</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/Ca </span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در نیترات&shy;زدایی &shy;زیستی &shy;میکروارگانیسم<i> تیوباسیلوس&shy;دنیتریفیکانس</i> توسط روش سطح پاسخ (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">RSM</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) بهینه شد. </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از روش</span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">Chromotropic Acid</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جهت سنجش نیترات استفاده شد</span></span>.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:16.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته&shy;ها</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:16.0pt">:</span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">طیف </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">FTIR</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، برهمکنش بین </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> وآلومینیوم </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> rGO</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">وکلسیم را تایید کرد. توسط </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#202122">میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">SEM</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) ق</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">طر متوسط نانوساختارهای </span></span>&nbsp;<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/Al</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/Ca</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> به ترتیب در </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">محدوده</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">21/24-39/10 نانومتر و 29/86-34/20 نانومتر مشاهده شد. </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">درحضور<a name="_Hlk75251276"> </a></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/Ca</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و</span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/Al</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با افزایش دما (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">C</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">35</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&deg;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) و افزایش غلظت نانوساختار (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">g/L</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> 1) حذف غیرزیستی به&shy;ترتیب&shy;برایر%0985/74 و %6905/77 حاصل شد. پس از تعیین شرایط بهینه، نیترات&shy;زدایی زیستی میکروارگانیسم در حضور نانوساختارها و در بیورآکتور بررسی شد. طبق نتایج، میکروارگانیسم در </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حضور نانوساختارهای</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/Ca </span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&nbsp;و </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/Al</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> به ترتیب میزان %6957/76 و %2572/85 نیترات&shy;زدایی زیستی داشت. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:16.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه&shy; گیری</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:14.0pt">:</span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">درصد نیترات&shy;زدایی زیستی در حضور </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">Al</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نسبت به </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">Ca</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بیشتر بوده و در حضور </span></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">/</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">Al</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">میزان</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">%98 حاصل&shy;شد، بنابراین این نانوساختار در بیوراکتور کارایی بالاتری در حذف نیترات نشان داد. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:17.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:6.0pt"><span style="font-family:Nazanin"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Aim and Background:</span></b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">The problem of water pollution is a fundamental and influential issue for the healthy life of humans and bioorganisms. The aim of this study is to optimize aluminum and calcium-based graphene nanostructures by response surface methodology (RSM) in order to investigate their role in biodenitrification. The optimized removal conditions in the bioreactor were investigated. </span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Materials and Methods:</span></b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">Characterization of graphene oxide/aluminum (</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Al) and graphene oxide/calcium (</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Ca) nanostructures was determined by XRD, SEM and FTIR. The two effective operating parameters of temperature (&deg;C) and concentration (g/L) of </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Al and </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Ca nanostructures in biodenitrification of <i>Thiobacillus denitrificans </i>microorganism in the presence of nanostructures were optimized by RSM. Chromotropic Acid method was used to measure nitrate.</span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Results:</span></b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">The FTIR spectrum confirmed the interaction between RGO-aluminum and </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Ca. By SEM analysis, the average diameters of </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Al and </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Ca nanostructures were observed in the range of 10.24-39.21 nm and 20.86-34.29 nm, respectively. In the presence of </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Ca and </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Al, with increasing temperature (35&deg;C) and increasing nanostructured concentration (1g/L), removal was achieved for 74.0985% and 77.6905%, respectively. After determining the optimized conditions, the biodenitrification of the microorganism in the presence of nanostructures was investigated in the bioreactor. According to the results, the microorganisms in the presence of </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Ca and </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Al nanostructures had 74.0985% and 77.6905% biodenitrification, respectively.</span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Conclusion:</span></b> <span style="font-size:11.0pt">The percentage of biodegradation in the presence of </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Al was higher than </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Ca and in the presence of </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">rGO</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">/Al was 98%, so this nanostructure in the bioreactor showed higher efficiency in nitrate removal.</span></span></span><br> &nbsp; نیترات‌زدایی‌زیستی, نانوساختار rGO/Ca, rGO/Al, بیوراکتور, بهینه‌سازی Iau Science Biodenitrification, rGO/Ca and rGO/Al nanostructures, Bioreactor, Optimization, Iau Science. 49 66 http://ncmbjpiau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1224-8&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Atieh Ekrami عطیه اکرامی 100319475328460013854 100319475328460013854 No Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Lobat Taghavi لعبت تقوی taghavi_lobat@yahoo.com 100319475328460013855 100319475328460013855 No Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Behnam Rasekh بهنام راسخ 100319475328460013856 100319475328460013856 Yes Environment & Biotechnology Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran پژوهشکده محیط زیست و بیوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، تهران، ایران Fatemeh Yazdian فاطمه یزدیان 100319475328460013857 100319475328460013857 No Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran گروه مهندسی علوم زیستی، دانشکده علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران