other کاربرد کنسرسیوم باکتریایی جداشده از مناطق آلوده در حذف آلایندۀ نفتی (C16) با استفاده از نانوذرات کربن ‌نیترید گرافیتی ایمونولوژی Immonology مقاله پژوهشی Research Article <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سابقه و هدف:</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> اثرهای</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مخرب</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">زیست‌محیطی ناشی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ترکیباتِ</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نفتی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سبب</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شده</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ترکیبات</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نفتی به&shy;عنوان</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یکی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اولویت&shy;های</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حذف</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آلاینده&shy;ها</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">محیط‌زیست مطرح</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گردند. ازاین‌رو</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دستیابی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تکنیک&shy;های</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مؤثر</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حذف این</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ترکیبات</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آب</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مهم‌ترین</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مسائل</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">زیست‌محیطی می&shy;باشد</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> هدف از این مطالعه بررسی </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حذف آلایندۀ نفتی (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C₁₆</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) با استفاده از نانوذرات کربن</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&ndash;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نیترید گرافیتی در حضور</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کنسرسیوم باکتریایی جداشده از مناطق آلوده</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> می&shy;باشد. </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مواد و روش&shy;ها:</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> برای بررسی حذف </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آلایندۀ نفتی (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C₁₆</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، <span style="background:white">از 3 </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ایستگاه</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> تعیین‌شده </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حوزۀ آبریز شمال‌غرب کشور</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آلوده به ترکیبات نفتی<span style="background:white"> نمونه&rlm;برداری شد. </span>خصوصیات نانوذرات سنتزشده با آزمون&shy;های مشخصه‌یابی</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">FTIR </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&nbsp;XRD</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&nbsp;SEM</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تعیین شد. اثر</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> غلظت </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نانوذرات (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">mg/L</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">150-100-50)</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در میزان حذف</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> آلایندۀ<b> </b>نفتی (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C₁₆</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">موردبررسی قرار گرفت</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. سرعت حذف </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آلایندۀ &nbsp;نفتی (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C₁₆</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به&shy;روش </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آنالیز تبخیری در حضور </span></span>&nbsp;<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">ppm</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">100 از نانوذرات کربن &shy;نیترید گرافیتی </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بررسی گردید.</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته&shy;ها:</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> مورفولوژی، ساختار &shy;کربن نیترید گرافیتی صفحه&shy;ای و متخلخل است که حضور کربن نیترید گرافیتی را اثبات نمود. طبق نتایج، در روش آنالیز تبخیری </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بیشترین درصد حذف </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C₁₆</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در آخـرین روز (روز پانزدهم) مشاهده &shy;شد. در روز نهم که زمان بهینـۀ حذف است، حذف با نانوذرات </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">g-C₃N₄</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و باکتری برابر 32/37 درصد مشاهده شد</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کاهش حجم </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C₁₆</span></span><b> </b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در غلظت‌های </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">mg/L</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> 100 و 150 کاملا محسوس بود</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و بیشترین کاهش حجم در روز </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پانزدهم</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> بود که حجم </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C₁₆</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> به </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">mL</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> 3/2 کاهش یافت. </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه&shy;گیری:</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> طبق نتایج این مطالعه، با توجه به توانایی باکتری&shy;ها در تجزیۀ زیستیِ </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C₁₆</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، این باکتری&shy;ها می&shy;توانند گزینۀ مناسبی برای استفادۀ صنعتی در فرایندهای تجزیۀ زیستیِ آلاینده‌های نفتی باشند</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Aim</span></span></b> <b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">and Background</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: The harmful environmental effects caused by petroleum compounds have caused petroleum compounds to be considered as one of the priorities for the removal of pollutants in the environment</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Therefore, finding effective techniques for removing these compounds from water is one of the most important environmental issues. The purpose of this study is to investigate oil pollutant (C₁₆) removal using a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) nanoparticle in the presence of a bacterial consortium isolated from contaminated areas.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> To investigate C₁₆ removal, samples were collected from three stations in the northwestern catchment area of Iran contaminated with oil compounds. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized with FTIR, XRD, and SEM characterization tests. The effect of nanoparticle concentration (50-100-150 mg/L) on the removal rate of oil pollutant (C₁₆) was investigated. The C₁₆ removal rate was examined by evaporation analysis in the presence of 100 mg/L g-C₃N₄.</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Morphology of the planar and porous g-C₃N₄ structure and the presence of g-C₃N₄ were proved. According to the results, in the evaporation analysis method, the highest percentage of C₁₆ removal was observed on the last day (day 15). On the ninth day, which is the optimal time for removal, the removal of g-C₃N₄nanoparticles and bacteria was observed at 37.32%</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The decrease in the volume of C₁₆ was more in the concentrations of 100 and 150 mg/L, and the largest decrease in the volume was on the 15th day, when the volume of C₁₆ decreased to 1.8ml.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> According to the results of this study, due to the ability of bacteria to C₁₆ biodegradation, these bacteria can be a suitable choice for industrial use in the biodegradation process of oil pollutants.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; کربن نیترید گرافیتی, آنالیز تبخیری, C16, کنسرسیوم باکتریایی. Graphitic carbon nitride/polyethylene, C16, evaporation analysis, bacterial consortium. 87 98 http://ncmbjpiau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2029-2&slc_lang=other&sid=1 Sahabeh Taleshpur صحابه طالش پور 100319475328460015570 100319475328460015570 No 1. Department of the Natural Resources and Environment, SR. C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Lobat Taghavi لعبت تقوی lobat.taghavi@iau.ac.ir 100319475328460015571 100319475328460015571 Yes 1. Department of the Natural Resources and Environment, SR. C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Hadi Farmahini Farahani هادی فرمهینی فراهانی 100319475328460015572 100319475328460015572 No 2. Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran 2. گروه تحقیقاتی شیمی تجزیه، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت (RIPI)، تهران، ایران Behnam Rasekh بهنام راسخ 100319475328460015573 100319475328460015573 No 3. Environment and Biotechnology Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran 3. بخش تحقیقات محیط زیست و بیوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت (RIPI)، تهران، ایران Saeed Bazgir سعید بازگیر 100319475328460015574 100319475328460015574 No 4. Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, SR. C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4. گروه مهندسی پلیمر، دانشکده نفت و مهندسی شیمی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران