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Parvin Asadi, Kambiz . Roshanaee, Hamid Reza Mohajerani,
Volume 4, Issue 13 (3-2014)
Abstract

Aim and Background. .Ageing could been resulted to increase of oxidative stress that could lead to damage of brain processes including cognitive functions. Since Hypericum extract have decreasing effect on the stress, it’s effect on passive avoidance learning of restrained male wistar rats were examined. 
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male wistar rats, each weighing about 250-300 g were divided into four groups, control, immobility stress , immobility stress + Hypericum extract (animals administered with 350 mg/kg/day of Hypericum extract) and Hypericum extract group. All of groups had free access to water and food with no limitation. Hypericum extract was administrated orally as soluted in water each day for one week. The passive avoidance learning test was done in the shuttle box device following intending treatments for all groups and in similar conditions. In this test, increased time delay for the first time of entry to the dark chamber considered as improved passive avoidance learning. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tuckey test. 
Results: In compare to control group, passive avoidance indices were increased significantly. In other words, mean Step Through Latency (STL) of H. perforatum + stress group was 207 seconds and was higher than that of stress only group (150 seconds) significantly (p< .001).Maximum acceptable STL has been considered as 300 seconds. 
Conclusion: Our results indicated that administered Hypericum extract could increase passive avoidance learning indices in rats in model of immobility stress of male wistar rats.

Siamak Shahidi, Tayebe Tousan, Fateme Kazemeini,
Volume 7, Issue 27 (9-2017)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Cannabinoids are known to attenuate memory in both humans and animals that effects of this compounds act through their receptors.These compounds can affect on the memory and learning through the hippocampus. Acetylcholine, as a neurotransmitter, plays fundamental role during process of learning and memory and donepezil can be potentiation effect in cholinergic synapse On this material. In this research the effects of donepezil, URB597 “potentiation endocannabinoid system " and effect of both them on the memory in mice was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental research 40 male mice weighting 20-35 g were divided to the 4 groups including control, URB597 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p), donepezil (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and URB597 & donepezil. Mice to the first day received in the Shuttle box electrical trial then at the second day intraperitoneal administrate of drugs 15 minutes before the retrieval test. Two analysis parameters, delay the first time in the dark chamber (STLr) and sum of to remain time in the dark chamber (TDC). Result: Analysis of data indicated, that there was not significant difference in received number of trials. But there was significant difference between groups control and URB597 (p<0.001) in STLr. Also there was significant difference URB597 (p<0.001) in comparison by control and compound URB597 & donepezil groups in TDC and also there was significant difference in compound URB597 & donepezil (p<0.005) group in comparison to control group. Conclusion: Result of this experiment shown that URB597 led to memory impairment and administration of donepezil, as cholinergic system potentiation, has improvement affect on the destructitive memory, so indicate interference of both system led to memory reinforcement.

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