fa بررسی مکانیسم مولکولی نیترات‌زدایی زیستی توسط تیوباسیلوس دنیتریفیکانس در حضور نانوساختار فلزی در بیوراکتور فیزیولوژی Physiology مقاله پژوهشی Research Article <div class="WordSection1"><span style="page:WordSection1"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:16.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سابقه</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:16.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هدف:</span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> نیترات</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یکی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آنیون&shy;های</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">معدنی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">است</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">که</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اکسیداسیون</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نیتروژن</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">عنصری</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حاصل</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">می&shy;شود. آلودگی آب&shy;های زیرزمینی و سطحی به نیترات در بسیاری از مناطق دنیا به &shy;یک مشکل مهم تبدیل شده است. بنابراین</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دست&shy;یابی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به تکنولوژی&shy;های جدید</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برای</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حذف</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نیترات</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ضروری</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">می&shy;باشد.</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هدف از این پژوهش بررسی مکانیسم مولکولی نیترات&shy;زدایی زیستی توسط <i>تیوباسیلوس دنیتریفیکانس</i> در حضور نانوذره فلزی کربن کوانتوم دات</span></span> <span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">(</span>CQD-Fe⁰<span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) </span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در بیوراکتور است. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:16.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مواد و روش&shy; ها</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">:</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> نانوذره </span></span>Fe⁰<span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> به&shy;روش کاهش در فاز مایع</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">که روش کاهش بوروهیدرید</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نیز نامیده می&shy;شود، سنتز شده است و به&shy;منظور زیست سازگاری، توزیع یکنواخت و عدم کلوخه شدن، </span></span>Fe⁰<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> با کربن کوانتوم&shy;دات پوشش&shy;دار شد. </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مشخصه&shy;یابی نانوذرات توسط </span></span>XRD<span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">،</span></span>TEM<span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، </span></span>FESEM<span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و</span></span> FTIR <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تعیین&shy;گردید</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">فرآیند زیستی حذف نیترات در حضور و عدم حضور نانوذره بررسی شد. </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بیان ژن&shy;های </span></span><i>nirS</i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><i>narH</i> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و </span></span><i>recA</i> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با استفاده از </span></span>real-time PCR<span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> نیز بررسی شد.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:16.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته&shy; ها:</span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">طیف </span></span>FTIR<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، تشکیل پیوند </span></span>CQD <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و </span></span>Fe⁰<span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">را </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تأیید کرد.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> قطر متوسط</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نانوذرات </span></span>CQD-Fe⁰ <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">درمحدوده</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">32/38-31/29</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> نانومتر </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مشاهده شد. </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نیترات&shy;زدایی </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">درحضور نانوذر<a name="_Hlk75251276">ه </a></span></span>CQD-Fe⁰<span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> با افزایش دما (35 درجه سانتی&shy;گراد) 43/73% بود.</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در&shy; شرایط ناپیوسته <a name="_Hlk75205026">نیترات&shy;زدایی &shy;زیستی</a> برای نانوذرات </span></span>CQD-Fe⁰<span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برابر 8312/79% حاصل شد. در بیوراکتور نیترات&shy;زدایی&shy; زیستی &shy;در حضور نانوذره </span></span>CQD-Fe⁰<span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مقدار 95% حاصل شد. بررسی بیان ژن نشان داد، بیان هر سه ژن </span></span><i>nirS</i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><i>narH</i> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و </span></span><i>recA</i> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در سلول&shy;های تیمار شده با نانوذره نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش قابل توجهی داشته، که نشان&shy;دهنده تأثیر بالای نانوذرات در نیترات&shy;زدایی زیستی میکروارگانیسم می&shy;باشد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:16.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه&shy; گیری:</span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بنابراین</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آزمایش&shy;های</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بیشتر</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">می&shy;توان</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">امیدوار</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حذف</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">زیستی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نیترات</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در حضور</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نانوذرات</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آهن</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">صفر</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ظرفیتی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">منابع</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آب</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بود</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt">.</span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span> <pre dir="RTL" style="margin-top:16px; text-align:justify"> </pre> </div> <div aria-label="شکستن صفحه" class="cke_pagebreak" data-cke-display-name="pagebreak" data-cke-pagebreak="1" style="page-break-after:always" title="شکستن صفحه" contenteditable="false"></div> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Aim and Background</span></b><b>:</b> Nitrate is one of the inorganic anions derived from the oxidation of elemental nitrogen. Nitrate contamination of groundwater and surface water has become a critical problem. Therefore, achieving the new technologies for nitrate removal is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of bio denitrification by <i>thiobacillus denitrificans</i> in the presence of quantum dot metal<span style="font-size:8.0pt">-</span>carbon nanoparticles (CQD-Fe⁰) in a bioreactor.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Materials and Methods:</span></b> Fe⁰ nanoparticles were synthesized by the liquid-phase reduction method, also called the borohydride reduction method and for biocompatibility, uniform distribution, and non agglomeration, Fe⁰ was coated with carbon quantum-dot. Characterization of nanoparticles was determined by XRD, TEM, FESEM, and FTIR. The biological process of nitrate removal was investigated in the presence and absence of nanoparticles. The expression of <i>nirS</i>, <i>narH</i> and <i>recA</i> genes was also assessed using real-time PCR.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Results</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">:</span> The FTIR spectrum confirmed the formation of CQD-Fe⁰ bonds. The average diameter of CQD-Fe⁰ nanoparticles was in the range of 29.31 to 38.32 nm. Denitrification in the presence of CQD-Fe⁰, with increasing temperature (35C&deg;) was 73.43%. In discontinuous conditions, bio denitrification was obtained for CQD-Fe0 nanoparticles 79.8312%. In the bioreactor, biodenitrification, in the presence of CQD-Fe⁰ nanoparticles, 95% was obtained. Examination of gene expression showed that the expression of all three genes <i>nirS, narH </i>and<i> recA</i> in cells treated with nanoparticles significantly increased compared to the control group, which indicates the high impact of these nanoparticles on the bio denitrification of this microorganism.&nbsp;</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Conclusion:</span></b> Therefore, with further experiments, it is hoped that removing nitrate with Nanoparticles Zero Iron (nZVI) from water resources would be possible.</span></span></span> کلمات کلیدی: نیترات­زدایی زیستی, تیوباسیلوس دنیتریفیکانس, نانو ساختار, بیوراکتور,Iau Science bio denitrification, Thiobacillus denitrificans, nanostructure, bioreactor, Iau Science. 65 79 http://ncmbjpiau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1788-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 elahe Hamdi الهه حمدی 100319475328460014136 100319475328460014136 No Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران Behnam Rasekh بهنام راسخ b.rasekh@gmail.com 100319475328460014137 100319475328460014137 Yes Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Environment & Biotechnology Research Division, Tehran, Iran پژوهشکده محیط زیست و بیوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، تهران، ایران Elahe Tajbakhsh الهه تاجبخش 100319475328460014138 100319475328460014138 No Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران Fatemeh Yazdiyan فاطمه یزدیان 100319475328460014139 100319475328460014139 No Department of Life ScienceEngineering, Faculty of NewSciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran گروه علوم زیستی، دانشکده علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Maryam qobbeh مریم قبه 100319475328460014140 100319475328460014140 No Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران