@ARTICLE{Kazemi, author = {Mohajeri, nasrin and kazemi, bahram and }, title = {Innate Immunity activated via siRNA}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, abstract ={Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal" mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0 mso-style-noshow:yes mso-style-priority:99 mso-style-qformat:yes mso-style-parent:"" mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt mso-para-margin-top:0in mso-para-margin-right:0in mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt mso-para-margin-left:0in line-height:115% mso-pagination:widow-orphan font-size:11.0pt font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif" mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman" mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family:Arial mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi} Aim and Background .RNA interference has the role of gene silencing process that is triggered by double-stranded RNAs. Common to all cell types, is the production of 21-24 nucleotide small interfering RNA (siRNA), which guides the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to identify and cleave target mRNA sequences. siRNA duplex are potent activators of innate immune system that induce high levels of cytokines and interferon. Toll-like receptors trigger the first line of innate immune response that is mediated by transcriptional induction of a large number of cellular genes. siRNA interact with cytoplasmic RNA sensors such as: Retinoic - acid Inducible Gene -I (RIG-I), RNA-Activated protein kinase R(PKR), Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) and 2'-5' oligo adenylate synthetase (2'-5'OAS), Nuclear Factor kappa B cell(NF-κB). siRNA modification are on the sugar, phosphate linkage, base, overhangs and termini nucleotides leading to increase half-life siRNA. This review article describes gene silencing and innate immune caused by siRNA.    }, URL = {http://ncmbjpiau.ir/article-1-40-en.html}, eprint = {http://ncmbjpiau.ir/article-1-40-en.pdf}, journal = {New Cellularand Molecular Biotechnology Journal}, doi = {}, year = {2011} }