fa مطالعه تنوع و روابط ژنتیکی توده‌های سه گونه لپیدیوم با استفاده از تجزیه داده‌های ترکیبی نشانگرهای مولکولی فیزیولوژی Physiology مقاله پژوهشی Research Article <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">سابقه و هدف:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">جنس </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">لپیدیوم</span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"> (</span></span></b><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Lepidium</span></span></i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> L.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">) یکی از سه جنس بزرگ خانواده شب</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">بو هست که به عنوان سبزی و گیاه دارویی مورد مصرف قرار می‌گیرد.</span></span><b> </b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">اطلاع از روابط و تنوع ژنتیکی گونه &shy;های لپیدیوم</span></span><i> </i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">به وسیله نشانگرهای مولکولی یک راه‌کار مطلوب برای اصلاح و حفاظت از ژرم&shy;پلاسم آنها می&shy;باشد. این پژوهش با هدف مطالعه تنوع و روابط ژنتیکی توده&shy;های سه گونه لپیدیوم با استفاده از تجزیه داده&shy;های ترکیبی سه نشانگر مولکولی </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">SSR</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">، </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">ISSR</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"> و </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">SCoT</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"> انجام شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;,serif"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">&nbsp;مواد و روش&shy;ها: تنوع ژنتیکی و روابط بین 22 توده متعلق به سه گونه <a name="_Hlk164639234">لپیدیوم ساتیوم</a> (</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">L. sativum</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">) ، لپیدیوم درابا (</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">L. draba</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">) و لپیدیوم لاتیفولیوم (</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">L. latifolium</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">)<i> </i>با استفاده از</span></span><b> </b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">داده&shy; های ترکیبی نشانگرهای </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">SSR</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">، </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">ISSR</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"> و </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">SCoT</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"> بر اساس تجزیه واریانس مولکولی، شاخص&shy;های تنوع ژنتیکی، تجزیه خوشه&shy;ای، تجزیه به مختصات اصلی و ساختار ژنتیکی</span></span><b> </b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">بررسی شد.</span></span><b>&nbsp; </b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">یافته&shy; ها: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">تجزیه واریانس مولکولی نشان داد که تنوع ژنتیکی درون گروهی بیشتر از بین گروهی است. بیشترین و کمترین تنوع ژنتیکی به ترتیب مربوط به</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">لپیدیوم ساتیوم &nbsp;</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">و لپیدیوم لاتیفولیوم </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">بود. بیشترین ماتریس تشابه ژنتیکی </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Nei</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"> بین لپیدیوم درابا و </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">لپیدیوم لاتیفولیوم </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">و کمترین تشابه بین لپیدیوم ساتیوم و </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">لپیدیوم لاتیفولیوم </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">مشاهده شد. تجزیه خوشه&shy;ای به روش </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Neighbor-Joining</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"> توده&shy;های </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">لپیدیوم </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">را به سه گروه تقسیم کرد و تفکیک ضعیفی بین گونه‌ها وجود داشت که توسط تجزیه به مختصات اصلی و ساختار ژنتیکی تایید ‌شد </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">و به نظر می&shy;رسد به دلیل جریان ژنی بین توده&shy;های گونه&shy;های مختلف</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"> لپیدیوم و وجود مخزن ژنی مشترک بین آن&shy;ها باشد</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">نتیجه&shy; گیری:</span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"> نتایج نشان داد توده&shy;های سه گونه </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">لپیدیوم </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;">مورد مطالعه سطح بالایی از تنوع ژنتیکی و جریان ژنی دارند که می توانند به عنوان منابع ژنتیکی ارزشمندی در برنامه&shy;های اصلاحی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Aim and Background</span></span></b><b><span style="color:black">:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black"> The genus <i>Lepidium</i> L. is one of the three large genera of the Brassicaceae family, which are used as vegetables or medicinal plants. Knowing the relationships and genetic diversity of <i>Lepidium</i> L. species by molecular markers is </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">an ideal approach </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">to improve and </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">conserve</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black"> of their germplasm.</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span style="color:black">Material and methods:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black"> The genetic diversity and relationships among 22 populations belonging to three species of <i>L. sativum</i>, <i>L. draba</i> and <i>L. latifolium</i> using combined data of SSR, ISSR and SCoT markers based on analysis of molecular variance, indices of genetic diversity, cluster analysis, principal coordinates analysis and genetic structure were investigated.</span></span><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></b></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></b></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span style="color:black">Results:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black"> Analysis of molecular variance showed that the genetic diversity within the groups is more than between the groups. The highest and lowest genetic diversity was related to <i>L. sativum</i> and <i>L. latifolium</i>, respectively. The highest Nei genetic similarity matrix was observed between <i>L. draba</i> and <i>L. latifolium </i>and the lowest similarity between <i>L. sativum</i> and <i>L. latifolium</i>. Neighbor-Joining cluster analysis divided the <i>Lepidium</i> populations into three groups and there was a weak separation between the species, which was confirmed by principal coordinate&rsquo;s analysis and genetic structure</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">, and it seems to be due to the gene flow among the populations of different <i>Lepidium</i> species and the existence of a common gene pool between them.</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">The results showed that the populations of the three studied <i>Lepidium</i> species have a high level of genetic diversity and gene flow, which can be used as valuable genetic resources in breeding programs.</span></span><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; لپیدیوم, تنوع ژنتیکی, نشانگرهای مولکولی, Iau science. Lepidium, genetic diversity, molecular markers, Iau science. 53 65 http://ncmbjpiau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1850-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Niloufar Jelvehgar نیلوفر جلوه گر 100319475328460014580 100319475328460014580 No Seied Mehdi Miri سید مهدی میری smmiri@kiau.ac.ir 100319475328460014581 100319475328460014581 Yes Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران Khodadad Mostafavi خداداد مصطفوی 100319475328460014582 100319475328460014582 No Abdollah Mohammadi عبداله محمدی 100319475328460014583 100319475328460014583 No