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mso-para-margin-left:0in line-height:115% mso-pagination:widow-orphan font-size:11.0pt font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif" mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman" mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family:Arial mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi} </style> <!--stripped--><p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: 200% vertical-align: middle direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed font-family: times new roman,times,serif" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><font size="2"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span> </span>RNA interference</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">RNAi</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>) در فرآیند خاموشی ژن نقش دارد که منشاء آن</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">Double–stranded RNA </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span><span> </span>(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">dsRNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>)</span></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: 200% vertical-align: middle direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed font-family: times new roman,times,serif" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><font size="2"><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black">می باشد. معمولاً در انواع مختلف سلول ها </span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">dsRNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> از24-21 نوکلئوتید تشکیل شده که</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> Small interference RNA </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">siRNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>)<span> </span>نامیده می شود و با هدایت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>،</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">mRNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> هدف شناسایی و شکسته می شود.<span> </span></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span> </span>siRNA </span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black">فعال کننده قوی سیستم ایمنی اولیه است که می تواند بیان سایتوکاین ها و اینترفرون ها را با مقدار زیاد القا نماید.<span> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">Toll like receptor</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> (</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">TLR</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>) اولین خط دفاعی سیستم ایمنی ذاتی است که بیان ژن های زیادی را در سلول میانجی گری<span> </span>می کند.<span> </span>برهم کنش</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> siRNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> در داخل سیتوپلاسم توسط حسگرهای </span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">RNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> از قبیل: (</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> (Retinoic-acid Inducible Gene-IRIG-I </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>(PKR) RNA-Activated protein kinase R</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> (IRF) Interferon Regulatory Factor </span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black">و`</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>2`-5</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> الیگو آدنیلات سنتتاز(</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>2`-5`OAS</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>) انجام می گیرد. با ایجاد تغییراتی در اسیدهای نوکلئیک و نوکلئوتیدهای انتهایی و آویزان در </span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">siRNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> می توان نیمه عمر </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span> </span>siRNA</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black">ها را افزایش داد. در این مقاله درباره خاموشی ژن توسط </span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">RNAi</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> و پاسخ ایمنی حاصل از </span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 200% color: black" dir="ltr">siRNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt 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mso-para-margin-left:0in line-height:115% mso-pagination:widow-orphan font-size:11.0pt font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif" mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman" mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family:Arial mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi} </style> <!--stripped--><p style="text-align: justify direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed" class="BasicParagraph"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt line-height: 120%">Aim and Background .</span></b><span lang="NL">RNA interference has the role of gene silencing process that is triggered by double-stranded RNAs. Common to all cell types, is the production of 21-24 nucleotide small interfering RNA (siRNA), which guides the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to identify and cleave target mRNA sequences. siRNA duplex are potent activators of innate immune system that induce high levels of cytokines and interferon. Toll-like receptors trigger the first line of innate immune response that is mediated by transcriptional induction of a large number of cellular genes. siRNA interact with cytoplasmic RNA sensors such as: Retinoic - acid Inducible Gene -I (RIG-I), RNA-Activated protein kinase R(PKR), Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) and 2'-5' oligo adenylate synthetase (2'-5'OAS), Nuclear Factor kappa B cell(NF-κB). siRNA modification are on the sugar, phosphate linkage, base, overhangs and termini nucleotides leading to increase half-life siRNA. This review article<span> </span>describes gene silencing and innate immune caused by siRNA.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed" class="BasicParagraph"><span lang="NL"> </span><b><span lang="NL" style="font-size: 14pt line-height: 115% font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif""><br></span></b></p><span lang="NL" style="font-size: 11pt line-height: 115% font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif""> </span> dsRNA ،siRNA ، پاسخ ایمنی ذاتی dsRNA, siRNA, Innate immunity response 7 15 http://ncmbjpiau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-36-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 nasrin Mohajeri نسرین مهاجری 1003194753284600602 1003194753284600602 No Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحدعلوم وتحقیقات bahram kazemi بهرام کاظمی bahram_14@yahoo.com 1003194753284600603 1003194753284600603 Yes Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science مرکزتحقیقات بیولوژی سلولی ومولکولی