New Cellularand Molecular Biotechnology Journal
مجله تازه هاي بيوتكنولوژي سلولي و مولكولي
NCMBJ
Basic Sciences
http://ncmbjpiau.ir
1
admin
2228-5458
2228-6926
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8888
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jalali
1390
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gregorian
2011
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fa
بررسی سیتوژنتیکی برخی از گونه های جنس اسپرس در ایران
Cytogenetical survey of some Iranian Onobrychis species
گیاه شناسی
Botany
مقاله پژوهشی
Research Article
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</div><p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt line-height: 120% vertical-align: middle direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed font-family: times new roman,times,serif text-align: justify" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">سابقه و هدف:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"> در ایران جنس اسپرس (</span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>(Onobrychis</span></i><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> دارای 63
گونه یک ساله و چند ساله می باشد که در مناطق مختلف آب و هوایی پراکنش یافته اند.
تعدادی از گونه های این جنس دارای ارزش علوفه ای بوده و در کنترل فرسایش و یا به
عنوان گیاهان جلب کننده زنبور عسل مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند. این گونه ها تنوع
ژنتیکی بالایی داشته و به عنوان یک ذخیره ژنتیکی غنی و ارزشمند می توان از آن ها برای اصلاح گونه
های زراعی استفاده کرد. </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">در پژوهش حاضر با شمارش و اندازه</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">گیری کروموزم</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">های مرحله متافازی میتوز نه گونه
اسپرس که بسیاری از آن ها انحصاری ایران می باشند، کاریوتیپ و تقارن گونه ها بررسی
می شود.</span><span style="font-weight: bold"><br></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt line-height: 120% vertical-align: middle direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed font-family: times new roman,times,serif text-align: justify" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: bold"></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">مواد و روش ها:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"> نه گونه از جنس (اسپرس)، </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">از مناطق طبیعی کشور جمع</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">آوری شد و با استفاده از سلول
های مریستم انتهایی ریشه آن ها، تعداد و ابعاد کروموزم</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">ها در مرحله میتوز اندازه</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">گیری و فرمول کاریوتیپی هر گونه
تعیین گردید.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt line-height: 120% vertical-align: middle direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed font-family: times new roman,times,serif text-align: justify" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">یافته ها:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"> </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">تعداد کروموزوم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">پایه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">گونه ها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">بین</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"> 7=</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">x</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> و 8=</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">x</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span><span> </span>متغیر و </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">تیپ کروموزوم ها نیز از نوع
متاسنتریک تا ساب متاسنتریک بود. از نظر میانگین طول ژنوم، بیشترین مقدار طول ژنوم
متعلق به گونه </span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span> </span>O.
scrobiculata</span></i><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>(26/24) و کمترین
میانگین طول ژنوم به گونه </span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">O. lunata </span></i><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>(76/14)
تعلق دارد. گونه </span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">O.
heliocarpa</span></i><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> با فرمول کاریوتیپی
16</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">m</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> از
بیشترین درصد شکل کلی (856/44 ) و کمترین مقدار شاخص نامتقارن بودن درون کروموزومی
(218/0) برخوردار بود و نیز گونه </span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span> </span>O. oxyptera</span></i><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> با فرمول
کاریوتیپی<span> </span>14</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">sm</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>+2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">m</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> دارای
کمترین درصد شکل کلی (</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">552/32</span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">) و بیشترین شاخص عدم تقارن درون
کروموزومی (489/0) بود. در میان گونه های مورد بررسی گونه های<span> </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">O.heliocarp</span></i><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> و</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">O. lunata</span></i><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> بر خلاف
سایر گونه ها که در کلاس </span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">B</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> استیبنز بودند در
کلاس </span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">A</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> قرار
گرفتند و دارای کاریوتیپ های متقارن تر می باشند که نشان دهنده ابتدایی تر بودن
این دو گونه می باشد. گونه </span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">O. oxyptera</span></i><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> در کلاس</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span>3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">B</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> قرار
گرفته و کاریوتیپ آن به سوی نامتقارنی و پیشرفته بودن میل می کند. در تجزیه خوشه
ای به روش </span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">Ward</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> بر اساس صفات کاریوتیپی گونه های
مورد مطالعه در دو گروه مجزا قرار گرفتند. کمترین فاصله بین گونه های </span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">O. buhseana</span></i><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> O. atropatana</span></i><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">و بیشترین فاصله بین گونه های </span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr">O. oxyptera</span></i><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span> </span>O. heliocarpa</span></i><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"><span dir="rtl"></span> مشاهده شد. </span></p><div style="text-align: justify font-family: times new roman,times,serif"> </div><p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt line-height: 120% vertical-align: middle direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed font-family: times new roman,times,serif text-align: justify" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black">نتیجه گیری:</span></b><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-size: 12pt line-height: 120% color: black"> نتایج حاصل از این تجزیه جهت
رده بندی گونه ها و انتخاب گونه های نزدیک به یکدیگر برای انجام تلاقی بین گونه ای استفاده می شود.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt"></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify font-family: times new roman,times,serif"> </div>
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<!--stripped--><b style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 14pt line-height: 120%"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"></span></b><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif font-weight: bold"> </span></div><p style="direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed font-family: times new roman,times,serif font-weight: bold text-align: justify" class="BasicParagraph"><span style="font-size: 14pt line-height: 120%">Aim<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>background<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span></span>Sainfoin<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> (</span>Onobrychis<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>) </span>in<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>Iran<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>with<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span>63<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>annual<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>perennial<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>species<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>that<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>are<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>distributed<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>in<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>different<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>climatic<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>regions<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>of<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>distribution<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>.<span> </span></span>Some<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>species<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>of<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>this<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>genus<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>are<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>used<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>for<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>value<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>of<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>forage<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>erosion<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>control<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>plants<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>to<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>attract<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>visitors<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>as<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>honeybees<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>.
</span>These<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>species<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>have<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>high<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>genetic<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>diversity<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>can<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>be<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>used<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>as<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>valuable<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>genetic<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>resources<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>in<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>breeding<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>of<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>cultivated<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>species<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span></p><div style="text-align: justify"> </div><p style="direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed font-family: times new roman,times,serif font-weight: bold text-align: justify" class="BasicParagraph"><span style="font-size: 14pt line-height: 120%">Materials<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>Methods<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"> </span>Nine<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>species<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>of<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>of<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>sainfoin<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>were<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>collected<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>from<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>natural<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>habitats<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>across<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>Iran<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>Number<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>size<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>of<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>chromosomes<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>as<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>well<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>as<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>karyotypic<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>formula<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>of<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>the<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>populations<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>were<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>measured<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>studied<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>using<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>their<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>root<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>tip<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>meristemes<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span></p><div style="text-align: justify"> </div><p style="direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed font-family: times new roman,times,serif font-weight: bold text-align: justify" class="BasicParagraph"><span style="font-size: 14pt line-height: 120%">Results<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span></span>The<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>basic<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>chromosome<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>number<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>varied<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>between<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>x<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>=</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span>7<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>x=8<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>their<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>chromosomal<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>type<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>was<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>metacentric<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>sub<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>-</span>metacentric<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>According<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>to<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>average<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>genoms<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>length<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>, </span>the<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>highest<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>was<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>for<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>O<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>scrobiculata
(24.26<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>) </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>the<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>lowest<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>belongs<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>to<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>O<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>lunata
(14.76)<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>According<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>to<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>Stebbins<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>' </span>classification<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>, </span>O<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>heliocarpa<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>O<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>lunata<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>are<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>classified<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>as<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>symmetric<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>class<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>of<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>A<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>others<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>as<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>B<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>O<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>heliocarpa<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>with 16m<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>formula<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>had<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>the<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>most<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>total<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>form<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>percentage (44.856<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>) </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>lowest<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>intra<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>chromosal<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>asymmetrical<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>O<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>oxyptera<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>with<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span>2m+ 14sm<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>had<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>lowest<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>TF<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>%</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> (32.552<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>) </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>the<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>most<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>asymmetrical<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>karyotype<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>Dendrogram<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>results<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>from<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>cluster<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>analysis<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> (</span>Ward<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>) </span>based<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>on<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>the<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>karyptipic<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>parameters<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>species<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>were<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>classified<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>in<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>to<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>two<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>classes<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>.
</span>The<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>highest<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>distance<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>was<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>obtained<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>between<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>O<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>oxyptera<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>O<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>heliocarpa<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>the<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>lowest<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>metric<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>distance<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>value<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>was<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>obtained<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>between<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>O<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>buhseana<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>O<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span>atropatana<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span></p><div style="text-align: justify"> </div><p style="direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed font-family: times new roman,times,serif font-weight: bold text-align: justify" class="BasicParagraph"><span style="font-size: 14pt line-height: 120%">Conclusion<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span></span><span lang="AR-YE" dir="rtl"> </span>The<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>results<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>of<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>this<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>analysis<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>for<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>species<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>classification<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>and<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>selection<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>of<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>species<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>were<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>close<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>to<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>each<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>other<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>as<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span>to<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>perform<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>crosses<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>between<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span>species<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
<span lang="AR-YE"></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify"> </div><div style="text-align: justify"> </div>
اسپرس، تجزیه کلاستر، کاریوتیپ
Cluster analysis, Karyotype, Onobrychis.
43
49
http://ncmbjpiau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-19&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Farangis
Ganavati
فرنگیس
قنواتی
f_ghanavati83@yahoo.com
1003194753284600590
1003194753284600590
Yes
Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch
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