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Aims and background: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of lactobacillus acidophilus Bacteria (LAB) on chicken T cell subsets at ileum, bursa and cecal tonsil tissues.
Material and Methods: Thirty chickens were divided into three groups and fed with sterilized cow milk (M), or a mixture of M and LAB, kept as controls. Chickens from each group were sacrificed after 2 or 3 weeks and lymphoid tissues including ileum, bursa and cecal tonsil were removed and cryo preserved. The ratio of T cell subsets including CD4+, CD8+ and gamma delta T cells were studied by immune-histochemistry method.
Results: The ratio of CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in ileum of chicken after 2 weeks of probiotic intake. Moreover, this ratio was even higher than the ratio of these cells in the third week. In the cecal tonsil sections the percentage of gamma delta T cells was higher in milk fed chickens, after 3 weeks.
conclusion: The findings indicate that feeding of chickens with probiotics may alter the distribution of T cells in the lymphoid tissues. However, coincidental increase of CD4+ and gamma delta T cells after 2 and 3 weeks of treatment indicates that these effects are transient and could not have a permanent effect on avian mucosal immunity.

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Abstract
Aims and Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most important human pathogenic viruses. The virus causes genital herpes and can cause miscarriage, pregnancy complications, and infertility in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HSV-2 in idiopathic abortion by PCR.
Materials and Methods: Fifty blood serum samples of women with idiopathic miscarriages were collected and transferred to the laboratory. The PCR test was performed using standard HSV-2 strain DNA and then the limit of detection (LOD) and specificity of the test was determined using a different strain of DNA. A standard test was performed using positive and negative controls on the samples and the results were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Results: The PCR technique est optimized and 231 bp amplicon were observed in agarose gel. In specificity test only with DNA HSV-2 achieved positive results as well as a limit of detection 10 Copy / Reaction. Of the 50 samples studied, 9 (4.5%) were positive.
Conclusion: Idiopathic miscarriages are miscarriages that do not seem to have a definite cause. But clearly, several factors, including infectious agents that are difficult to identify, can cause miscarriage. One of these factors could be HSV-2. The results of this study showed that HSV-2 is one of the most important factors in this type of miscarriage and that HSV-2 can be quickly identified by tests such as PCR.