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Aim and Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common cancer among adolescents. Curcumin has induction sensitivity effect to cancer cells against chemotherapy and anti-tumor. In present study, the sustained- release niosomal carrier containing Curcumin were prepared to improve anti-cancer effect of Curcumin against osteosarcoma. Material and methods: Anionic prepared niosomal vesicle are contained 70 % (molar ratio) of Tween 60, 30% (molar ratio) of Cholesterol in the presence DSPE-mPEG 200. Prepared nano-particle was characterized and the cytotoxicity of free Curcumin was evaluated in comparing of niosomal Curcumin on MG-63 cell line using MTT assay. A suitable kinetic model was also suggested in order to predicting drug release. Results: Results showed the size diameter, encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential and poly disparity index are 242 nm, 95.2%, -38 mv and 0.17, respectively. Prepared niosomal particles are controlled-release and the cumulative release is 43.87 % during 96 hours. Peppa’s model indicates good confirmation with experimental results. Cytotoxicity results showed 0.9-fols improvement in killing cells efficiency for niosomal Curcumin in comparing free Curcumin. Conclusion: The niosomal carrier containing Curcumin is sustained-release, mono-disperse with high encapsulation efficiency and suitable size diameter. The results of surface charge evaluation confirmed that prepared nano-carrier is anionic and it can effectively be used in the treatment of bone cancer.

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Aim and Background:
Immobilized proteins and enzymes are commonly used in the medical field for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Due to the increasing use of immobilized enzymes and proteins in the diagnosis of disease, in this study, Cytochrome c protein was used as a useful metalloprotein in the basis studies of biosensors and Bioelectrochemistry.
Material and methods: Cytochrome c protein immobilized covalently on the surface of gold and graphite pencil electrods. Surface of gold and graphite electrodes modified by gold nanoparticle and self-assemble monolayer of 3- mercaptopropionic acid. EDC and NHS as coupling agents cause to covalent attachment of protein on the surface.
Results: Cyclic voltammetry results showed successful immobilization of Cytochrome c on the both surface. Immobilized protein on the surface of gold electrod was more stable than garaphite electrode.
Conclusion: In view of the Cytochrome c as a sample biological species, both surfaces can be suitable for immobilization of various biological species, and selection any of them depend on their application in various fields.

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Aim and Background: Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) mushroom have a significant pharmacological importance due to the presence of secondary metabolites with a miraculous effect on cancer treatment. The aim of this study was optimizing the production of antioxidant compounds by selecting the appropriate growth medium and investigating the affecting factors on the production of secondary metabolites.
 
Material and methods: The bank of fungal cells was prepared in a solid medium and then the samples were transferred to the liquid medium. Alcoholic extract of the samples was prepared. For antioxidant activity, two methods were used: 1- DPPH assay to investigate the capability of removing free radicals and 2- FRAP assay to investigate the ability of ferric ion reduction. Polysaccharide and phenol levels were measured using phenol-sulfuric acid and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the extract was measured by MTT assay.
 
Results: Optimization of antioxidant properties of Shiitake was done by introducing oak extract-enriched medium and the scavenging activity of DPPH radical and reduction potential for ferric ion increased by 5.24 and 1.9 times, respectively. Also, it has showed an appropriatecytotoxicity (IC₅₀ value of 8 μg/ml) on the MCF-7 cell line.
 
Conclusion: The results represented that oak wood crude extract could be used in Shiitake growth medium as an appropriate elicitation of increasing antioxidant activity.

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Aim and Background: The use of medical herbs and their extracts because of their low side effects is increasing all over the world. Glycrrizha glabra is one of these plants with proven therapeutic effects, but conventional prescribing of them faces challenges. Using of drug delivery nanocarriers such as Niosome is one of the new strategies to overcome these challenges. The aim of this study was to synthesis and charactrization of nano niosomal system containing Glycrrizha glabra extract in order to improve its therapeutic effects.
Material and methods: Nanoniosome were synthesized using Tween-60 (70%) and cholesterol (30%) by thin film method and by using inactive method, Glycrrizha glabra extract was loaded into them. Their physico-chemical features were assayed by Zeta sizer, AFM and FTIR and at last the release rate of extract and toxicity of Nanoniosome on normal cells were assayed.
Results: Data showed that the synthesized nanoniosomes are anionic with -21.2± 1.64 mV zeta potential, size of 90.7± 3.6 nm, dispersion index of 0.53 and 55.36% encapsulation efficiency. The nanoniosmal system presented slow and controlled release of the extract. AFM and FTIR analysis demonstrated that nanoparticles have appropriate morphology and the system does not interact with the extract. The results of MTT assay also approved that the system has not toxicity effects on normal cells.
Conclusion: The results indicated that synthesized nanosiosome vesicles because of their appropriate features, could be good carrier for delivering of Glycrrizha glabra extract and thus improve its therapeutic effects.

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Aim and Background: Silybinin, one of the active pharmaceutical ingredients in some medical herbs, has been proven to have anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study was to synthesis and characterize lipid nano-carriers containing silybinin in order to breast cancer treatment.
Material and Methods: Lipid nanocarriers were synthesized using a thin film method and the drug was loaded on them. Then the physicochemical properties were evaluated using DLS, AFM and spectrophotometers and their toxicity was measured in comparison with the free form of the drug by MTT assay on BT-474 breast cancer cell line.
Results: The synthesized nano-system with a size of 113.2 nm, zeta potential of -22 ± 1.63 mV, slow release type with appropriate physicochemical properties improves the anti-cancer effects of drug on breast cancer cells.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the synthesized system, in addition to having appropriate physicochemical properties, could improve anti-cancer effect of drug.

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Aim and background: The use of medical herbs because of their reasonable price and availability is rapidly increasing but it faces many challenges. Researchers are trying to overcome these challenges by designing nano-drug delivery carriers such as liposome. In this study, a formulation of liposomal system containing Hedera Helix extract was synthesized and its toxicity on normal cells and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated.
Material and Method:  In the first step, extraction of Hedera Helix was done by succulent method. In the next step, nano-liposomes were prepared by thin film method from phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol and by using hydration inactive method the extract was loaded into them. Then the encapsulation rate and the release pattern were assayed by spectrophotometry method, the size of nanoparticles and their zeta potential were evaluated by the DLS, the non-interaction between the extract and the nanosystem was assessed by FT-IR technique and the morphology of the nanoparticles was examined by AFM microscope and finally the non-toxicity of the system on normal cells was assayed by MTT method.
Results: The results of this study showed that nano-liposomes containing Hedera Helix extract having 48.6 nm of diameter, 0.406 dispersion index, -37.3 ± 1.72 mV zeta potential and 82.67 ± 1.12 encapsulation efficiency are follow the slow releasing drug pattern. FTIR and AFM data demonstrated that there is no interaction between the extract and nanoliposomes and nanoliposomes have appropriate morphology. Finally, the results of the MTT assay confirmed the non-toxicity activity of nano-liposome.
Conclusion: In this study, physicochemical studies of nanosystems after loading Hedera Helix extract into liposomal nanosystems showed that the system is a slow-release and anionic type with acceptable size, morphology and acceptable encapsulation rate. The synthesized liposomes could be a suitable carrier for the Hedera Helix extract and increase its stability, solubility and thus improve its therapeutic performance.