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Aims and Background: Serratiopeptidase is a proteolyitic enzyme produced from Serratia Sp. and is used as a medicine against chronic inflammatory diseases. Prodigiosin is also produced by Serratia marcescens and is used in medicine production. This paper aims to separate and discover a novel strain (which is able to produce Serratiopeptidase and Prodigiosin) of Serratia marcescens from paddy field waters located in western Mazandaran.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 50 water samples were collected under standard conditions from paddy fields. As many as 40 bacteria samples were separated among which 10 bacteria samples had protease activity and Prodigiosin. They were separated using biochemical tests. Then, the strain was discovered using 16SrRNA. The molecular weight of the enzyme was measured using protein deposition and SDS-PAGE. Then, Prodigiosin production capability was experimented using ultraviolet spectrophotometry at wavelength 535 nm under 25, 28, and 37 0C in the following culturing environments: nutrient broth, MacConkey broth, Luria-Bertani Broth, and skim milk agar.
Results: Only one isolate was discovered. Its molecular weight was about 52 kda. Pigment production was maximized in skim milk agar at 28 0C. The bacteria were able to produce the pigment even at 37 0C.
Conclusion: Considering the importance of Serratiopeptidase and Prodigiosin, we recommend to optimize the conditions to produce them in a larger amount.  The molecular weight of Serratiopeptidase was 52 kda. This result confirms the observations of Mohankumar et. al. 2011. Pigment production was entirely stopped under 37˚C. This result confirms the observations of Pryce and Terry 2000.

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Aim and Background: Lac promoter, a regulatory gene in Escherichia coli, is a prokaryotic expression system for recombinant Interferon production. This promoter is induced by lactose or IPTG, its chemical analog. In this study, the effect of lactose and IPTG on the expression of gene was compared. Materials and Methods: Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) harboring Interferon β-1b gene were cultured and induced by the addition of IPTG and / or lactose. The yield of produced Interferon protein was measured. Results: The yield of Interferon β-1b protein increased by using 0.2% lactose and 0.5 mM IPTG simultaneously as inducers in comparison with each inducer alone and it was equal to 34% of the total cell proteins. Conclusion: In this research, with simultaneous presence of Lactose and IPTG, in comparison with each one of this inducers alon, a higher yield of the interferon beta 1b protein at a lower cost was produced.

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Aim and Background:
Immobilized proteins and enzymes are commonly used in the medical field for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Due to the increasing use of immobilized enzymes and proteins in the diagnosis of disease, in this study, Cytochrome c protein was used as a useful metalloprotein in the basis studies of biosensors and Bioelectrochemistry.
Material and methods: Cytochrome c protein immobilized covalently on the surface of gold and graphite pencil electrods. Surface of gold and graphite electrodes modified by gold nanoparticle and self-assemble monolayer of 3- mercaptopropionic acid. EDC and NHS as coupling agents cause to covalent attachment of protein on the surface.
Results: Cyclic voltammetry results showed successful immobilization of Cytochrome c on the both surface. Immobilized protein on the surface of gold electrod was more stable than garaphite electrode.
Conclusion: In view of the Cytochrome c as a sample biological species, both surfaces can be suitable for immobilization of various biological species, and selection any of them depend on their application in various fields.

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Aim and Background:
From the perspective of biology  The genus Leishmania belongs to Tripanozomatite tribe flagellate Parasits. Leishmania is in the form of promastigotes and amastigotes. In culture, In the form of promastigotes and intra-macrophage is in the form of amastigotes. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of L.tropica parasites in culture .
Materials and Methods:
In this study, the Possibility of growth in NNN and RPMI1640  culture  Reviewed . In the laboratory, Conditions were provided that  L.tropica  protighotites  transformed into amastigotes that live in the host cell. Growth of L.tropica  was investigated in comparison with other types of leishmaniasis, such as L. major. L.tropica was kept at 25-26 ° C in a conventional incubator. L.tropica culture culture was performed in RPMI1640 culture. Contamination of L.tropica was done on J774A-1 cells. The J774A-1 cell was maintained in RPMI1640 medium. Cells were stored at 37 ° C in a CO2-encoded incubator.
Results:
L.tropica  After infecting  was observed on the J774A-1 macrophage cell line. compared to L.major, Which takes more time to show its performance, L.tropica  is the power of survival for a long time Inside it . It was also observed that L.tropica was only stored and not proliferated in NNN medium.
Conclusion:
 The results indicate that L.tropica  protighotites, in laboratory environment Became amastigotes Which host cells have the power of survival for a long time.
 

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Conclusion: The results of evaluation of the first generation of genome shuffling (first round of protoplast fusion) showed that the shuffled strains that were able to grow in the presence of toxin (3000 ml/L diazinon concentration) had better activity than the obtained strain through both methods (toxin concentration gradient and DES method).