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Aim and Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common cancer among adolescents. Curcumin has induction sensitivity effect to cancer cells against chemotherapy and anti-tumor. In present study, the sustained- release niosomal carrier containing Curcumin were prepared to improve anti-cancer effect of Curcumin against osteosarcoma. Material and methods: Anionic prepared niosomal vesicle are contained 70 % (molar ratio) of Tween 60, 30% (molar ratio) of Cholesterol in the presence DSPE-mPEG 200. Prepared nano-particle was characterized and the cytotoxicity of free Curcumin was evaluated in comparing of niosomal Curcumin on MG-63 cell line using MTT assay. A suitable kinetic model was also suggested in order to predicting drug release. Results: Results showed the size diameter, encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential and poly disparity index are 242 nm, 95.2%, -38 mv and 0.17, respectively. Prepared niosomal particles are controlled-release and the cumulative release is 43.87 % during 96 hours. Peppa’s model indicates good confirmation with experimental results. Cytotoxicity results showed 0.9-fols improvement in killing cells efficiency for niosomal Curcumin in comparing free Curcumin. Conclusion: The niosomal carrier containing Curcumin is sustained-release, mono-disperse with high encapsulation efficiency and suitable size diameter. The results of surface charge evaluation confirmed that prepared nano-carrier is anionic and it can effectively be used in the treatment of bone cancer.

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Aim and Background:
Liposomal vesicles provide the possibility of loading lipophilic drugs into phospholipids bilayers and water-soluble (hydrophilic) aqueous phase. The present study was aimed on the evaluation of the properties of liposomal doxorubicin loaded into liposome by both active and passive procedures in terms of drug loading and release.
Material and methods:
Dipalmitoyl glycerol phospholipid glycerol, cholesterol and DSPE-mPEG 2000 was used for synthesis of nanoliposome. Then, doxorubicin loading was performed by passive (thin film hydration) and active (according to pH gradient) methods. The average diameter of nanoparticls was measured with Zeta Sizer. And the amount of drug loading and release was performed using dialysis.
Results:
The average size of nanoparticles were 138.6 ± 4.9 nm  and 105.9 ± 3.8 nm for thin film hydration method, and pH gradient method, respectively. And drug loading efficacy of doxorubicin-containing nanoliposomes was 89±4.35 for pH gradient method and 15.65±8.65 for thin film method. The accumulated amount of drug release during 48 hours in PBS at pH=7.4, was determined 78% and 24% for hydration thin film method pH gradient method, respectively.
Conclusion:
This study shows that nanoliposomal doxorubicin prepared by active method, was more effective than that the passive method. Our prepared nanoformulation was also sensitive to pH of medium.

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Aim and Background:
Immobilized proteins and enzymes are commonly used in the medical field for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Due to the increasing use of immobilized enzymes and proteins in the diagnosis of disease, in this study, Cytochrome c protein was used as a useful metalloprotein in the basis studies of biosensors and Bioelectrochemistry.
Material and methods: Cytochrome c protein immobilized covalently on the surface of gold and graphite pencil electrods. Surface of gold and graphite electrodes modified by gold nanoparticle and self-assemble monolayer of 3- mercaptopropionic acid. EDC and NHS as coupling agents cause to covalent attachment of protein on the surface.
Results: Cyclic voltammetry results showed successful immobilization of Cytochrome c on the both surface. Immobilized protein on the surface of gold electrod was more stable than garaphite electrode.
Conclusion: In view of the Cytochrome c as a sample biological species, both surfaces can be suitable for immobilization of various biological species, and selection any of them depend on their application in various fields.

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Aim and Background: Because of high half- life of niosomes in blood plasma makes the possibility of delivery of chemotherapy agent to tumor tissue and improves the therapeutic index of chemotherapy drug. In this study, the nano-nisomes contained doxorubicin was synthesized. The effective dose of drug was determined and anti-cancer effect of resulting nanoparticle was evaluated. 
Material & Methods: Niosome containing cholesterol, span 60 with the 85:15 molar ratios were prepared by thin film hydration method. In the hydration step, various concentration of doxorubicin diluted with distillated water were used to determine the optimized drug concentration. The cellular cytotoxicity was finally examined using MTT assay.
Results: The results imply that optimized drug dose is 0.5mg/ml. The entrapment efficiency; size diameter and polydispersity index of optimal formulation are 81.69, 102.9 and 0.128, respectively. The amount of drug release is 35% during 144 hours. The prepared system reduces the side effects of doxorubicin and be effective against cancer cells.
Discussion: This study showed that the optimal dose of drug plays an important role in improving the percent of drug loading that is economically optimal. Also it leads to expose the patient's body with the lower doses of medication and the most therapeutic effect. Reduce the dose of medication also causes less damage to healthy cells. Sustained-release property of system is the main reason for the increased toxicity of chemotherapy drug.
Conclusions: Prepared niosomal system is slow release with size diameter less than 150 nm and high drug entrapment efficacy that can be used to overcome the side effect of free doxorubicin. The resulting system is effective against bone marrow cancerous cells.