Volume 15, Issue 58 (4-2025)
NCMBJ 2025, 15(58): 1-24 |
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Faezi Ghasemi M. Functional and molecular responses of bacteria against heat stress. NCMBJ 2025; 15 (58) :1-24
URL: http://ncmbjpiau.ir/article-1-1736-en.html
URL: http://ncmbjpiau.ir/article-1-1736-en.html
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran , faezi_m@yahoo.com
Abstract: (315 Views)
Bacteria's environment is constantly changing and they have to adapt to new conditions. One of these stresses is the ambient temperature. Different functional and molecular mechanisms exist in bacteria that respond to heat stress. This review aims to investigate the mechanism of functional and molecular responses of bacteria against heat stress. Various sensors have been identified in bacteria to respond to thermal stress. These sensors include sigma factors, transcription inhibitors, RNA thermosensors, DNA thermosensors, and molecular chaperones. The regulation of heat response genes can be positive or negative. In the positive regulation, alternative sigma factors, a series of selected promoters are used and copied. However, in the negative form, the adjustment is in the form of cascade processes. Most of the information obtained in the field of positive regulation has been found in E. coli. The most important regulatory factor is sigma factor 32 (σ32). This is followed by sigma factor E (sigma 24), which responds to induction heat and extra-cytoplasmic stresses such as protein aggregation. They play a role in the negative regulation of protein inhibitors such as HrcA, HspR, CtsR, and RheA. In addition, DNA, RNA, and different protein molecules are known as thermometers in response to temperature, which are discussed in this review.
Keywords: Heat stress, positive regulators, negative regulators, sigma factor, molecular chaperone, sensor
Type of Study: Review Article |
Subject:
Cellular and molecular
Received: 2025/04/27 | Accepted: 2025/04/3 | Published: 2025/04/3
Received: 2025/04/27 | Accepted: 2025/04/3 | Published: 2025/04/3
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