Volume 16, Issue 61 (3-2026)
NCMBJ 2026, 16(61): 43-59 |
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Larypoor M, Dadgoster H, Razavi M R, Goodarz Ghaleh Mehdikhani Z. Investigation of the antifungal effect of thymol-loaded nanoliponiosomes on ERG11 gene expression in fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolates. NCMBJ 2026; 16 (61) :43-59
URL: http://ncmbjpiau.ir/article-1-1798-en.html
URL: http://ncmbjpiau.ir/article-1-1798-en.html
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, NT. C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (70 Views)
Aim and Background: Resistance of Candida albicans to fluconazole and the role of the ERG11 gene in this phenomenon represent a significant challenge. This study focuses on natural antifungal compounds such as thymol and investigates the antifungal effect of thymol-loaded liponiosomes on ERG11 gene expression.
Materials and Methods: Resistance to fluconazole and the presence of the ERG11 gene were investigated using PCR in Candida albicans isolates isolated from clinical samples. Thymol was purchased and thymol-loaded liponiosomes were prepared using the thin layer and water method. The diffusion rate, appearance, chemical structure, size, dispersion index, and zeta potential of liponiosomes were investigated. Antibiogram tests were performed to evaluate the effect of Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration on ERG11 gene expression in resistant isolates using Real-Time PCR.
Results: Liposomes were reported with an entrapment percentage of 67.22-86.5, a diameter of 63.8 ± 1.92 μm, a size of 185 nm, a dispersion index of 0.195, a surface charge of -41.7 mV and as spherical vesicles with smooth and uniform surfaces. The minimum inhibitory concentration in the nanoliponiosomes treatment group for the three selected resistant isolates 9, 1, and 10 was 2.156, 2.156, and 39 µg/mL, respectively and the reduction of ERG11 gene expression in them was reported to be 1.23, 1.04, and 1.17 times compared to the untreated group, respectively.
Conclusion: Thymol nanoliposomes can be considered an effective combination in reducing fluconazole resistance; however, more extensive research is needed in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Materials and Methods: Resistance to fluconazole and the presence of the ERG11 gene were investigated using PCR in Candida albicans isolates isolated from clinical samples. Thymol was purchased and thymol-loaded liponiosomes were prepared using the thin layer and water method. The diffusion rate, appearance, chemical structure, size, dispersion index, and zeta potential of liponiosomes were investigated. Antibiogram tests were performed to evaluate the effect of Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration on ERG11 gene expression in resistant isolates using Real-Time PCR.
Results: Liposomes were reported with an entrapment percentage of 67.22-86.5, a diameter of 63.8 ± 1.92 μm, a size of 185 nm, a dispersion index of 0.195, a surface charge of -41.7 mV and as spherical vesicles with smooth and uniform surfaces. The minimum inhibitory concentration in the nanoliponiosomes treatment group for the three selected resistant isolates 9, 1, and 10 was 2.156, 2.156, and 39 µg/mL, respectively and the reduction of ERG11 gene expression in them was reported to be 1.23, 1.04, and 1.17 times compared to the untreated group, respectively.
Conclusion: Thymol nanoliposomes can be considered an effective combination in reducing fluconazole resistance; however, more extensive research is needed in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Type of Study: Research Article |
Subject:
Pharmacology
Received: 2026/03/4 | Accepted: 2026/03/1 | Published: 2026/03/1
Received: 2026/03/4 | Accepted: 2026/03/1 | Published: 2026/03/1
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