Volume 16, Issue 61 (3-2026)
NCMBJ 2026, 16(61): 101-119 |
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Mohammadi Azad Z, Mirnejad R, Haghighat S, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M. The role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and exosomes in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases with a focus on Helicobacter pylori infection. NCMBJ 2026; 16 (61) :101-119
URL: http://ncmbjpiau.ir/article-1-1803-en.html
URL: http://ncmbjpiau.ir/article-1-1803-en.html
Zohreh Mohammadi Azad 
, Reza Mirnejad , Setareh Haghighat * , Mehdi Fasihi-Ramandi , Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
, Reza Mirnejad , Setareh Haghighat * , Mehdi Fasihi-Ramandi , Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
Department of Microbiology, TMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (62 Views)
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common and significant factor in the development of gastrointestinal diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide. This bacterium can lead to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and even gastric cancer. Recent research has focused on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and exosomes, which play vital roles in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive examination of the role of OMVs and exosomes in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases, specifically their association with H. pylori and their impact on chronic inflammation and gastric cancer. This article analyzes how these vesicles interact with the immune system and host cells, while also exploring their potential clinical applications in early diagnosis and disease treatment.
This article utilizes key findings from recent research to elucidate the structural and molecular characteristics of OMVs and exosomes, as well as their impact on host-pathogen interactions.
OMVs secreted by Gram-negative bacteria such as H. pylori, and exosomes released by host cells, establish intercellular communication and significantly affect inflammatory processes and host immune responses. H. pylori utilizes OMVs to transfer virulence factors such as CagA and VacA, contributing to the development of gastric diseases and cancer. Exosomes regulate host immune responses and, through specific miRNAs, enable early detection of cancer. Both OMVs and exosomes have potential as drug carriers and therapeutic tools. OMVs can transfer pathogens and modulate host immune responses, aiding bacterial survival and competition. Exosomes can transfer pathogens, regulate immune responses, and induce processes such as apoptosis and autophagy.
Ultimately, targeting OMVs and exosomes presents an innovative strategy for developing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The ability of these vesicles to facilitate intercellular communication, transfer virulence factors, and modulate immune responses makes them key elements in disease progression. Further research into the specific mechanisms and interactions of these vesicles may lead to more effective and targeted therapeutic strategies, benefiting the treatment of H. pylori-related diseases and gastric cancer.
This article utilizes key findings from recent research to elucidate the structural and molecular characteristics of OMVs and exosomes, as well as their impact on host-pathogen interactions.
OMVs secreted by Gram-negative bacteria such as H. pylori, and exosomes released by host cells, establish intercellular communication and significantly affect inflammatory processes and host immune responses. H. pylori utilizes OMVs to transfer virulence factors such as CagA and VacA, contributing to the development of gastric diseases and cancer. Exosomes regulate host immune responses and, through specific miRNAs, enable early detection of cancer. Both OMVs and exosomes have potential as drug carriers and therapeutic tools. OMVs can transfer pathogens and modulate host immune responses, aiding bacterial survival and competition. Exosomes can transfer pathogens, regulate immune responses, and induce processes such as apoptosis and autophagy.
Ultimately, targeting OMVs and exosomes presents an innovative strategy for developing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The ability of these vesicles to facilitate intercellular communication, transfer virulence factors, and modulate immune responses makes them key elements in disease progression. Further research into the specific mechanisms and interactions of these vesicles may lead to more effective and targeted therapeutic strategies, benefiting the treatment of H. pylori-related diseases and gastric cancer.
Type of Study: Research Article |
Subject:
Microbiology
Received: 2026/03/18 | Accepted: 2026/03/1 | Published: 2026/03/1
Received: 2026/03/18 | Accepted: 2026/03/1 | Published: 2026/03/1
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