Aim and Background: This study was aimed to determine the effect of different environmental factors in the incidence of brain cancer in patients admitted in Shohada Hospital Tehran. Dietary habits, vitamins, age, sex, education, occupation income, weight, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and family history were concerned as risk factors.

Materials and Methods.The data were analyzed using the computer software SPSS for windows (version 11). The case-control study was conducted in 100 brain cancer patients and 100 healthy people as control.

Results. An increased association was found with patients using non-vegetables such as red and white meat compared to control group which were mostly vegetarian. Low risk of brain cancer was also found among people using different vitamins daily. No association was observed with age and sex factors and risk of brain cancer. The analyzed factors like low income and low level of education also resulted in positive association with brain cancer. We also found statistically significant association between smoking habits, alcohol consumption and positive family history with brain cancer risk. Occupation was also found to be an important risk factor in this case-control study as patients working with radiography or X-ray instruments, showed a high frequency.

Conclusion. This study shows that some of the environmental factors are important in increasing the risk of brain cancer.